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A
Lazarus argued that stress involves a transaction between an individual and his or her external world.
B
Lazarus argued that a stress response is elicited if the individual appraises an event as stressful.
C
In primary appraisal , the individual initially appraises his or her coping strategies.
D
In secondary appraisal, the individual appraisal the event.
A
The external environment is a potential stressor.
B
The response to the stressor is stress or distress.
C
The concept of stress involves biochemical psychological behavioural and psychological changes.
D
All stress is harmful and damaging.
A
Illness beliefs
B
Self – efficacy
C
Susceptibility
D
Behavioural intentions
A
Precontemplation
B
Contemplation
C
Preparation
D
Action
A
Was originally developed by Prohaska and DiClemente in 1982.
B
Has been applied to several health – related behaviours.
C
Contains five stages which always occur in a linear fashion.
D
Examines how we weigh up the costs of a particular behaviour.
A
The individual is seen as a passive victim of some external force, such as a virus.
B
By acknowledge of the role of behaviours such as smoking, diet and alcohol the individual for their health and illness.
C
The whole person is treated, and therefore the patient become fully responsible for their treatment.
D
Only the physical changes that occur due to ill health should be treated.
A
Fear
B
Susceptibility
C
Stress
D
Symptom perception
A
Someone who believes that ‘lots of people recover from heart attacks may lead an inactive and sedentary lifestyle.
B
If someone has a history of heart attacks in their family and is resigned to that fate, that person is more likely to develop the illness either by affecting behaviour or by having an impact on the immune system.
C
A person who copes with their illness by taking definite action and making plans about how to prevent it from deteriorating is in a state of denial and may make the situation worse.
D
Believing that a heart attack is due to a genetic weakness rather than a product of lifestyle may mean that a person is less likely to attend a rehabilitation class and be less likely to try and change the way they behave.
A
The nature of clinical problems.
B
The probability of the disease.
C
Similar patients.
D
All of the above.
A
Cooping
B
Appraisal of the stressor and how to copy with it
C
Sympathetic activation
D
Degree of fear